Foreign Participation in China’s Human Rights Regime: Cosmeticians of oppression or defenders of justice?

Foreign Participation in China's Human Rights Regime: Cosmeticians of oppression or defenders of justice?

 

論文發表人: 陳至潔 (加州大學爾灣分校政治系博士候選人)

 

http://www.isanet.org/chicago2007/PrelimProgram2007.pdf 

 

本文嘗試檢驗跨國非政府組織在中國的法律/司法改革中所扮演的角色, 以及國際參與的效用. 中國政府在上個世紀90年代後期逐漸意識到法律/司法改革對經濟發展與社會穩定的必要性, 因而開始提倡依法治國的理念, 整頓司法制度, 加強司法與執法人員的素質, 並歡迎西方非政府組織與國際組織參與中國法律/司法改革. 已過十年因而成為中外法律/司法合作的蜜月期, 數以千計的外國法律專家, 非政府組織, 西方國家政府的援外單位, 以及主要的國際組織相繼參與中國的法律/司法改革, 他們的參與並不侷限於中央政府, 而是擴散到省與鄉鎮的層級. 而他們的參與也的確在各個方面為中國的法律/司法制度帶來顯著的改善, 尤其是在立法品質的提升, 司法獨立之觀念的傳播, 對刑事與行政訴訟法的重視, 法律專業社群的建立, 法治與維權觀念的普及, 以及為弱勢團體所提供的法律服務. 然而中國的人權紀錄在以過的十年並未有任何顯著的改善, 甚至維護人權的律師及法律工作者也在最近成了國家安全機構的打擊對象, 筆者分析這兩個互相矛盾的現象, 認為現有的國際關係理論不足以解釋這個矛盾, 並認為現有的國際參與在短期內無法明顯改善中國的人權缺失, 因為中國政府實施法律/司法改革的政治目的是要確保社會主義威權政體的延續, 並且在中國市民社會(civil society)的能力非常有限, 不只無法監督龐大的黨國機器, 本身反被黨國緊緊箝制, 因而國家與社會的關係乃是所謂的協商式(consultative state-society relationship), 與歐美市民社會文獻中所提倡的抗擷式國家-社會關係(adversarial state-society relationship) 大相逕庭. 因此跨國非政府組織參與中國的人權與法律改革反而是為威權共黨政權提供了合法性的保障, 因而導致此政權的相對穩固. 

 

This article examines the role and efficacy of international NGOs in China's legal-judicial reform since the late 1990s. Although a great number of foreign individuals, academic institutes, professional organizations and advocacy groups have throughout the past decade contributed to, and participated in, various projects that promoted the rule of law in the People's Republic of China at all levels, and overall the quality of lawmaking, judiciary, and legal profession has impressively elevated, violations of fundamental human rights have remain rampant and systematic in China. I suggest that international engagement in legal-judicial reform is a necessary condition, if not a sufficient one, for the development of rule of law in China, and comprehensive participation of international society in assisting China with her legality and judiciary may ironically consolidate the root cause of the most rights abuses: a capable yet unaccountable regime that prioritizes her political survival more than anything else.

 

Reassessing E-Business Impact on Firm Performance: Value Creation from E-Business and ERP System Integration

論文發表人：許裴舫(加州大學爾灣校區資訊系統博士班)

 

http://www.web2006.org/

 

根據資源基礎觀點(Resource Based View) ， 我們檢測了企業資源系統(ERP)和電子商務系統之互補效用，對公司財務表現之影響.。本研究和過去研究最大的不同是，過去的研究大多假設ERP系統和電子商務系統對公司財務表現有直接的影響，本研究則提出，只有當公司有能力將兩個資訊系統互補運用，建立不同公司間的系統整合、流程整合，公司方有可能獲取財務方面的利益。本研究以150家美國製造業公司為樣本，並提出兩種不同的方法來衡量每個公司互補運用兩資訊系統的能力，以檢測本研究提出之假說。我們發現，一個公司互補運用兩資訊系統的能力，對於創造公司的財務利益有莫大的影響，其影響遠大於兩資訊系統的本身。我們因此建議公司，若想獲取投資資訊系統的最大利益，則應建立交互運用兩系統的能力。  

 

Building on Resource Based View (RBV), we investigate the complementary effect between ERP and e-business technologies, and the impact of such effect on firm performance. Different from previous studies that assume ERP and e-business technologies have direct effects on firm performance, this study argues that it is the complementarily use of the two IT resources to build system and business integration capabilities that is more likely to create business value. We use a sample of 150 U.S. manufacturing firms and two different approaches — product term approach and direct measure approach — to measure the complimentary effect. We present new empirical evidence that the complementary effect between ERP and e-business technologies in creating business value is stronger than the main effects of ERP or e-business technologies alone. Accordingly, firms should utilize and deploy ERP and e-business technologies in a mutually reinforcing manner to extract the most complementarity value from ITs.