台灣留學生出席國際會議補助

Integration of Tunable Capacitors and Bonded-Wires for Contactless RF Switch and Tunable Filter

2010-01-05T13:16:00.001-08:00

論文發表人：陳世叡 (南加州大學電機所博士班)

http://www.transducers09.org/

本文提出由表面微機電加工可調式電容及黏合線所組成的非接觸式微機電射頻開關。這個微機電射頻開關在2.4GHz的窄頻範圍可以達到10dB的能量隔離及4比1的電容變化。採用黏合線的方法可以大幅的減少可調式電容中移動平板的變形需求。更可以進一步允許氧化鋅壓電薄膜被用於改變電容的空氣間隙。如此形成一個非接觸式微機電射頻開關。

This paper describes a contactless RF MEMS switch, composed of two surface-micromachined tunable capacitors and two bonded-wire inductors, which can achieve a power isolation ratio of 10 dB with a capacitance variation of mere 4:1 over a narrow bandwidth near 2.4 GHz. This novel approach of using inductors eases the deflection requirement for the deformable bridge for the variable capacitor, and allows piezoelectric ZnO film to be used to deflect the capacitor bridge to vary the air gap, thus yielding a contactless RF switch.

A 2.89mW 50GOPS 16x16 16-Core MIMO Sphere Decoder in 90nm CMOS

2010-01-05T13:14:00.001-08:00

論文發表人: 楊家驤 (加州大學洛杉磯分校電機所博士班)

http://www.esscirc2009.org/

在這篇論文中，我們以90奈米製程實作了一顆具有16核心適用於多重輸入多重輸出通道的球狀解碼器。這顆球狀解碼器晶片擁有高度彈性，能支援多種格規格：從2x2天線陣列到8x8天線陣列，BPSK到64-QAM的調變方式，並且支援16-128載波。操作在16MHz的工作頻率、16x16天線陣列、64QAM模式時，它能提供高達50GOPS的運算量。操作於321mV電壓時，其功率消耗僅2.89mW，產生高達17.3GOPS/mW的功率效率。而操作在256MHz頻率時，使用16MHz的頻率通道，它的最高資料輸出為1.5Gbps。

A 16-core multi-input multi-output (MIMO) decoder for agile communication systems is implemented in a low-VT 90nm CMOS technology. This chip implements the sphere decoding algorithm and is highly flexible to support multiple configurations: antenna arrays from 2×2 to 16×16, modulations from BPSK to 64QAM, and up to 128 data streams. Operating at 16MHz, the chip provides 50GOPS (12-bit add equivalent) in the 16×16, 64QAM mode. It consumes 2.89mW of power with a 321mV supply voltage, resulting in a power efficiency of 17.3GOPS/mW. At 256MHz, the peak data rate exceeds 1.5Gbps over a 16MHz channel.

A Software Tool to Process HIV Ultra-deep Sequencing Nucleotide Data

2010-01-05T13:13:00.001-08:00

論文發表人: 羅健記 (新墨西哥大學電腦科學所碩士班)

http://cnls.lanl.gov/q-bio/index.html

由454生命科學公司所開發的焦磷酸測序技術是一種超高通量的DNA測序方式，其所產生大量的序列資訊內容可被用於不同的基因組研究。然而如此大量的數據是需要一個適當的處理方式，才能做後續的分析使用。因此，我們開發出一個工具來處理這樣的數據內容，使用者輸入超深度測序序列和參考序列的FASTA檔案，程式將會輸出精簡、壓縮，具有排序統計量和根據密碼子排列好的序列。此工具已成功地應用於最近的一份研究報告並投稿於PLoS One期刊(PLoS ONE 4(5): e5683)，該研究報告揭示HIV – 1病毒的動態基因序列及可能造成藥物治療失敗的可能機轉。

Massive sequence reads generated by 454 Life Sciences pyrosequencing technology enable a variety of applications on genome research. A method for processing the huge amount of datasets for subsequent analysis is necessary. We have developed a software tool for this purpose. Given input with ultra-deep sequencing sequences and a reference sequence in FASTA format, the program will output with compressed, identity-tallied and codon-aligned sequence alignment. This tool has been successfully applied on a recent study to reveal dynamic HIV-1 escape and large population shifts during drug treatment.

Imperial Terrains: Decolonization, Nationalisms and Diasporic Interventions in Diaoyutai Movement

2009-12-30T14:22:00.001-08:00

王穎（加州大學聖地牙哥校區文學系）

http://www.cultural-typhoon.org/

透過重訪1969-72年席捲北美台灣留學生與台灣本島學生的保釣運動，本論文試圖論證兩點：其一，美國在冷戰時期對東亞無孔不入的干預，迄今猶有諸多空白等待結構性與歷史性的釐清；其二，戰後台灣在戒嚴前後由官方授意的國族史論述，實際上在對立與互補之間產生了許多問題，需要嚴肅細心地面對。本文藉由閱讀整理太平洋兩岸台灣學生保釣運動當時與事後的出版品、文學創作、自傳與回憶錄、座談發言等文獻，比較了北美和台灣兩地運動在背景和策略上的分歧，而正是在此一脈絡下，本文分析美國在冷戰時期所扮演的多重角色（尤其是帝國霸權的角色），如何顯著影響了太平洋兩岸與海峽兩岸對於「中國」的形塑與表述。進一步，本文指出，當今史論對於二戰之後渡海移植的中華民國與中共所建的中華人民共和國，或者對論戒嚴前與後的台灣，往往襲用既成二元框架，失之粗糙簡化，其中許多癥結顯見於當今台灣對於釣運同時並存的無感失憶與片面追憶之中。對此，如何有效介入權力與知識的循環使力，顯然是知識分子沈重而久遠的責任。

With the case of a phenomenal but ephemeral student movement that mobilized thousands of Taiwanese student in the US and at home to come to defense of Diaoyutai Islands from 1969 to 1972, this paper takes questions of the un(der)recognized powerful American presence in Cold War East Asia and of interlocking problems constituted by state-endorsed national histories dominating postwar Taiwan. Revisiting how and why the movement erupted in 1969 across several cities and college towns in the US, and comparing differences of agenda and tactics between the transpacific interventions, the paper argues the multiple roles played America have significant impacts on varied formations of "China" across both the Pacific and Taiwan Strait. In reflections of the man-made bifurcations imposed on Chiang Kai-shek's transplanted Republic of China and Chinese Communist Party's establishment of People's Republic of China, Taiwan during and after Martial Law Period (1949-87), the presently coexisting oblivion to as well as partisan remembrance of Diaoyutai movement suggest many efforts are yet to be taken for coping with problems caused by the circular reinforcement of power and knowledge.

Vascular Fluid-Structure Interaction: Methodology and Application to Cerebral Aneurysms

2009-12-30T14:20:00.001-08:00

論文發表人: 徐銘辰 (加州大學聖地牙哥分校結構力學所博士班)

http://usnccm-10.eng.ohio-state.edu/

近年來隨著影像擷取、模型製作、網格產生、計算方法以及視覺化技術的進步，針對特定病患之血流計算模擬也步入成熟階段。當今學界最先進之血管流計算研究為利用對大範圍人體心血管系統之流固耦合模擬，探索心血管疾病肇因進程與血液動力學之聯繫，預測外力介入之結果，並評估電子輔助醫療器具之影響。以上例子包含腹部及腦部之腫瘤模擬，及血管內硬化斑塊之形成與破裂。

本論文針對特定病患中大腦動脈分枝腫瘤進行計算模擬探討。我們提出一流體與固體結構完全耦合之模擬方法，並呈現支持此分析之網格生成技術。此流固耦合計算架構可預測實驗所無法獲得之血液動力數據並進行評估。我們並將其與純流體計算結果做比較，以分析於心血管計算模擬中考慮管壁彈性之重要性。

結果顯示血液與血管壁之交互作用改變了血液動力對管壁之施力。當心臟收縮血液流進腫瘤並衝撞管壁時，考慮管壁彈性將降低腫瘤內壁面剪應力並改變其分布。此結果彰顯了於針對病患之腦腫瘤計算模擬中，流固耦合之重要性。

In recent years patient-specific modeling of blood flow has matured immensely with the emergence of better imaging, modeling, mesh generation, computation and visualization technologies.
State-of-the-art vascular modelings involve fully coupled fluid-structure simulations of large portions of the human cardiovascular system, in an effort to investigate hemodynamic factors influencing the onset and progression of cardiovascular disease, to predict an outcome of an intervention, or to evaluate the effects of electromechanical assist devices. Examples of the first include
abdominal and cerebral aneurysms and formation and rupture of vulnerable plaque.

This work focuses on computation of several patient-specific aneurysm models at the middle cerebral artery (MCA) bifurcation. A fully coupled simulation approach is reviewed and main aspects of mesh generation in support of the fluid-structure analysis are presented. Quantities of hemodynamic interest, that are unattainable in experiments, are studied to assess the relevance of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) modeling as compared to rigid-arterial-wall simulations.

The results show that the interaction between the blood flow and wall deformation changes the hemodynamic forces acting on the arterial wall. When the blood flows straight into the aneurysm and impinges the wall during the systole, the maximum wall shear stress (WSS) at the dome decreases while the effect of the flexible wall is incorporated in the computation. The resulting WSS patterns are altered both qualitatively and quantitatively. Rigid versus flexible wall simulation results reinforce the importance of FSI in the patient-specific modeling of cerebral aneurysms.

Motion Vector (MV) Search Window Prediction in Memory-Constrained Systems

2009-12-30T14:18:00.001-08:00

羅仲成 (南加州大學電機所博士班)

http://spie.org/x30491.xml

動作估計是影像壓縮過程中，最消耗計算量的步驟。對於一張畫面中的Macroblock，家用電腦可使用相當大的搜尋視窗來尋找參考畫面中的動作向量。然而對於移動式裝置，可使用的快取以及處理器資源相當有限；因此為了避免快取失誤，適當的搜尋視窗大小必須列入考量。為了解決這個問題，我們使用統計方法分析每個Macroblock中搜尋視窗的位置、大小、以及形狀。我們並且基於系統對於畫質衰減的需求，估計一個適當的搜尋視窗位置、大小、及形狀。搜尋視窗的大小形狀以及畫質衰減之間的平衡也會在此討論。這些分析的結果可用來大幅提升再記憶體受限的移動式裝置中，動作估計的的效率。

除此之外，此一分析亦可運用在另外一種電腦架構──多核心處理器。在多核心處理器中，每個核心可運用的快取相當有限。除了受限的記憶體之外，為了最佳化多核心處理器的平行處理效能，許多Macroblock會同時在多核心中分散運算，這造成許多常用的空間關聯性在多核心系統中將無法繼續運用。所以，針對動作向量搜尋視窗的精確預測對於系統效能的提升有關鍵性的作用。

Motion estimation is the most computationally expensive task in video compression. For a given macroblock in the target frame, the search window of its motion vector (MV) in the reference frame can be quite large in the PC platform. In contrast, the available cache of the CPU is limited in mobile devices. Thus, it is important to fetch a proper search window of MV in the reference frame to avoid cache miss. To solve this problem, statistical analysis of MVs for search window location/size/shape prediction is conducted on each macroblock. A proper search window location, size and shape will be estimated while meeting a certain distortion requirement. Trade-off between the search window size/shape and distortion will be examined. These analytical results can speed up the motion estimation process in memory-constrained mobile devices.

There is another architecture that will benefit from the proposed technique, i.e. the multi-core processor. Besides a limited cache size for each core, many macroblocks will be executed simultaneously in multi-core processors to exploit parallelism to the maximum degree. As a result, some of the commonly-used spatial dependency may no longer be utilized as the motion estimation predictor. Thus, accurate prediction of MV search window is also critical to the system performance.

Embedded DiCAD Linear Phase Shifter for 57-65GHz Reconfigurable Direct Frequency Modulation in 90nm CMOS

2009-10-20T09:59:00.002-07:00

論文發表人：劉怡君/ 加州大學洛杉磯分校/電機系

http://www.rfic2009.org/

現今被動和主動相移器用於直接頻率調變有非線性之相位控制及元件差異，並且對被動整合相位錯誤有高敏感度，造成錯誤向量的大小(EVM， Error Vector Magnitude)的降低。在此篇論文中，我們提出使用數位訊號控制的人工介電不同傳輸線來克服目前相移器組成之頻率調變器的問題。主要的困難點包括以下：1) 設計數位訊號控制的人工介電不同傳輸線在現今CMOS標準製程中； 2) 加入電晶體開關作為調整介電常數的控制閥；3) 使用數位訊號控制的人工介電不同傳輸線為相位器的單元物件；4) 實現四相位之相位及振幅調變器；5) 由以上設計的單元，建立可重配置調變器，避免使用數位類比轉換器、混頻器、類比濾波器、以及任何反射元件。本論文提出由數位訊號控制的人工介電不同傳輸線組成之可調變線性相移器可敏捷的轉換相位超過100度，藉由十六階的溫度計碼編碼器來控制人工介電不同傳輸線的特性。相移器和一個十六段可調變增益放大器整合在90nm CMOS製程上，整合電路提供可重配置的相位移以及直接的頻率調變在60GHz載波。相位器總共有256個狀態，相位角解析度為1.1^o，可調幅度解析度為0.0007。對於相位調變(PSK, Phase Shift Keying)以及正交振幅調變 (QAM，Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) 此相位器之靜態錯誤向量的大小為-31dB。本調變器主要面積為0.33mm²在90nm CMOS製程下。電路操作在1V供應電壓以及總共消耗 10mA電流。

Passive and active phase shifters for direct frequency modulation suffer from nonlinear phase control and device mismatches, and are sensitive to passive hybrid phase errors, all degrading error-vector magnitude (EVM) performance. In this paper, we employ digitally controlled artificial dielectric (DiCAD) open-stub differential transmission lines to circumvent prior phase shifter design issues for realizing a reconfigurable, direct frequency modulator. Key design challenges include: 1) design DiCAD differential transmission line structure in standard CMOS; 2) insert NMOS Pi-switch to control DiCAD permittivity; 3) create linear phase shift using DiCAD DTL; 4) realize quadrant phase and amplitude shifters using DiCAD for phase shift and amplifier impedance matching. 5) build reconfigurable modulator based on DiCAD QPAS without DAC, mixers, analog filters, quadrature LO hybrids, varactors and any reflective device.

A digitally controlled artificial dielectric (DiCAD) differential transmission line is designed to perform agile linear phase shift over 100deg with thermometer-coded 16step control. It also operates with a 16 gain-step VGA to enable re-configurable and direct-frequency modulation at 60GHz with 2562 states (1.1deg angular and 0.0007 magnitude resolutions) and -31dB static EVM for multiple PSK/QAM modulations. The modulator uses 0.33mm² core area in 90nm CMOS and consumes 10mA at 1V.

MICROFLUIDIC INTEGREATED OPTOELECTRONIC TWEEZERS

2009-10-20T09:59:00.000-07:00

論文發表人:黃國威/加州大學洛杉磯分校機械工程研究所

http://www.transducers09.org/

在本篇文章中, 我們提出一個創新的光電鉗子, 它整合了聚雙甲基矽氧烷的微流晶片和光電鉗子。主要的方法是在聚雙甲基矽氧烷的表面上使用金屬網格結構的電極。此電極具有良好的導電性、透光性，也可以輕易地與二氧化矽或玻璃材料接合。成功地展現光操控單一人類細胞Nalm-6於聚雙甲基矽氧烷的微流通道中。

英文摘要

We report on a novel optoelectronic tweezers (OET) that integrates with multilayer PDMS based microfluidic devices for the first time. This is realized by coating the PDMS channels with a Au mesh electrode capable of providing an electrically conductive and optically transparent surface that bonds with an OET surface as well.

Microfluidic integrated OET not only allows continuous delivery of biological samples such as media, cells, and particles into optical manipulation area but also on-chip microfluidic valves for fluid control.

Embedded DiCAD Linear Phase Shifter for 57-65GHz Reconfigurable Direct Frequency Modulation in 90nm CMOS

2009-10-19T13:44:00.000-07:00

論文發表人：劉怡君/ 加州大學洛杉磯分校/電機系

http://www.rfic2009.org/

Lipid peroxidation in living cells promotes membrane electropermeabilization

2009-10-13T13:58:00.001-07:00

論文發表人: 吳雨軒 (南加大化學工程與材料工程研究所博士班)

http://www.mrs.org/s_mrs/index.asp

脈衝電場技術廣泛的使用在癌症治療, 基因工程和細胞生物學上. 為了最佳化脈衝療程, 進一步了解影響細胞在脈衝作用下的敏感度是必須的. 在這個研究中, 我們借由分子模擬和細胞實驗調查了細胞膜氧化程度對電脈衝造成的細胞模穿透率的影響. T 淋巴白血病细胞被過氧化處理, 然後在細胞培養液中施加30 ns, 3 MV/m 的電脈衝. 培養液添加了YO-PRO-1(YP). YP 通常不會進入健康細胞, 然而一但細胞穿透率增加, YP 會進入細胞, 發綠色螢光.實驗結果顯示過氧化處理明顯的增加脈衝穿透引起的細胞模穿透率. 分子模擬結果顯示, 和含有低含量脂分子的系統相比, 當系統中含較高濃度的氧化脂分子時, 更少的時間和更低的電場就可以形成電場引起的親水性孔洞. 實驗結果和模擬結果相符合.

Pulsed electric field technology is used in cancer therapy, genetic engineering, and cell biology. To optimize pulsing protocols, a better understanding of the factors affecting the susceptibility of cells to electric pulse exposure is needed. In this work, the effects of membrane oxidation on electropermeabilization sensitivity are investigated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and in vitro cell experiments. Jurkat T lymphoblast cells were gently peroxidized and then exposed to 30 ns, 3 MV/m pulses and also to conventional electroporation pulses in medium containing YO-PRO-1 (YP), a membrane-impermeant dye that fluoresces significantly only when cell membranes become permeabilized. The results reveal that peroxidation significantly increases electroporative and nanopulse-induced influx of YP into Jurkat cells. In MD simulations we applied electric fields to phospholipid bilayers containing varying concentrations of oxidized lipid species. Systems with higher concentrations of oxidized lipids form hydrophilic electropores in significantly shorter times and at lower electric fields than do systems with lower oxidized lipid concentrations. Sites of water defect formation and electroporation appear to coincide with the clustering of oxidized lipids in the bilayer. In large-area simulations containing localized high oxidized lipid concentrations, pores formed preferentially in these oxidized regions. The presence of aldehyde and hydroperoxy oxygens on an otherwise nonpolar lipid tail appears to facilitate the penetration of water into the bilayer interior.

Video Copy Detection by Fast Sequence Matching

2009-10-13T13:56:00.001-07:00

論文發表人: 葉梅珍(加州大學聖塔芭芭拉分校電機工程學系博士班)

http://www.civr2009.org/

序列配比的方法用於比對視訊資料是有效的。然而，現有的方法需要大量的計算，因此不適用於大規模應用。在本文中我們將視訊拷貝偵測問題視為一個兩序列間局部校準的問題，並且提出一個新的方法來大幅加速配比過程。首先，我們使用一個「詞彙樹」來對數據庫中所有擷取影像建立索引。在這個步驟中，我們視每個視頻資料為一組無序的影像。這個索引架構不僅提供豐富的詞彙量，並且可用來快速計算視頻間的相似度。基於上述的方法，在這一階段詞彙樹過濾了一部分非拷貝的視頻資料。其次，基於過濾掉不相似影像間的比較，我們提出第二階段的快速配比方法。這個步驟可使二次方序列長度的運算時間降低到線性的運算時間。運用MUSCLE VCD公認測試標準的實驗，我們顯示這個方法是有效且快速的。我們提出的加速方法比原始的序列配比算法提高18倍效能。這個技術可被應用於其他影像檢索的工作。舉例來說，我們顯示這個方法可以使用於搜尋MPEG-7輪廓數據庫並達到大幅加速。

Sequence matching techniques are effective for comparing two videos. However, existing approaches suffer from demanding computational costs and thus are not scalable for large-scale applications. In this paper we view video copy detection as a local alignment problem between two frame sequences and propose a two-level filtration approach which achieves significant acceleration to the matching process. First, we propose to use an adaptive vocabulary tree to index all frame descriptors extracted from the video database. In this step, each video is treated as a "bag of frames." Such an indexing structure not only provides a rich vocabulary for representing videos, but also enables efficient computation of a pyramid matching kernel between videos. This vocabulary tree filters those videos that are dissimilar to the query based on their histogram pyramid representations. Second, we propose a fast edit-distance-based sequence matching method that avoids unnecessary comparisons between dissimilar frame pairs. This step reduces the quadratic runtime to a linear time with respect to the lengths of the sequences under comparison. Experiments on the MUSCLE VCD benchmark demonstrate that our approach is effective and efficient. It is 18X faster than the original sequence matching algorithms. This technique can be applied to several other visual retrieval tasks including shape retrieval. We demonstrate that the proposed method can also achieve a significant speedup for the shape retrieval task on the MPEG-7 shape dataset.

When Foreign Brides Became a Mother: Immigrant Women' Motherhood and Exercising of Agency in Taiwan

2009-10-09T11:54:00.001-07:00

陳姿憓(亞利桑那州立大學教育心理系博士生)

http://www.aera.net/

本質性研究應用黑人女性主義及迪索託(de Certeau)的理論來研究台灣的"外籍新娘"在有了孩子之後，如何建構母職的認同，及實踐母親的角色。15位由東南亞嫁來台的新移民女性受訪，受訪內容包括她們對母職的信念與實踐、及孩子對她們的生命產生的改變。研究發現新移民女性藉由反省母職與性別、階級、種族的關係，主動的建構了特殊的母職認同與教育方式。

This qualitative study investigates how "foreign brides" in Taiwan construct their mother role, exercise their agency from and in their mother role, and arrange their educational practices for their children. Fifteen "foreign brides" from Southeast Asia were interviewed about their mothering beliefs and practices and life changes after they became a mother. This study applies Collin's (2000) Black feminist theory on motherhood and de Certeau's (1984) idea about tactics to explore such a process. The results illustrates how these women negotiated the meaning of mothering and exercising their agency by incorporating and improvising their cultural models (Chao, 1995) in arranging their educational practices for their children through their struggles over gender, class, race, and ecology surrounding them.

MEMS-Based MHz Integrated Ultrasonic nozzles with applications to Nano/Bio Technology

2009-10-09T11:50:00.001-07:00

論文發表人: 林士凱(加州大學爾灣分校電機與資訊工程研究所博士班)

http://www.aiche.org/AcceleratingBio.aspx

我們利用Silicon Based微機電系統的技術來製作一個傅立葉波形之超音波霧化噴嘴(ultrasonic nozzle)，這個超音波噴嘴可以產生大量粒徑均勻的小水滴，其直徑可以達到5微米以下。目前許多商用噴霧器裝置也可以產生大量的小水滴，但是那些小水滴的粒徑分布是很廣的，很難產生大量粒徑均勻的粒子。目前雖有少數裝置可以達成此目的，但是它們有一些像是體積龐大及費用昂貴的缺點。而以Silicon Based製作之超音波霧化噴嘴可以很容易達成可攜式的目標，並且可以降低製作的成本。這樣的噴嘴裝置可以用在將藥物運送到肺部的研究上，像是治療氣喘的藥。此噴嘴可以產生大量粒徑均勻的水滴，且其粒徑目前可以小到約3微米，如果提高超音波之頻率可以產生更小之粒徑均勻水珠。在目前的研究上，這樣大小的粒子可以更有效率的穿過嘴巴到達肺部。

Monodisperse micron-size aerosol generation is ideal for alveolar delivery in clinical medical application. This paper reports pulmonary delivery of monodisperse aerosol of medicinal droplets generated by MHz silicon-based ultrasonic nozzles using an anatomically realistic upper airway model. The MHz ultrasonic nozzle is fabricated using micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) technology, and comprised of a piezoelectric drive section and a silicon resonator of multiple Fourier horns. The dissolved medication is pumped into a central channel inside and exits at the nozzle tip that vibrates along the nozzle axis at the nozzle resonant frequency.

(In)visible Bodily Doubleness of Domesticity and Disabilities in Transnational Marriages: The Vietnamese Brides in Taiwan

2009-10-05T11:52:00.001-07:00

論文發表人: 林建廷 (加州大學聖地牙哥分校文學系博士班)

http://www.na-tsa.org/new/index.php?option=com_content&view=frontpage&Itemid=1

根據台灣內政部入出國及移民署的數據統計，台灣目前的外籍配偶已經超過四十萬人，而當中越南籍的外籍配偶佔最多數。自八十年代以來，從東南亞前往台灣的移民日漸增多，當中牽涉的不僅是地緣政治的因素，也反映出全球化人口，資本或者文化流動過程中的階序不平等，換言之，這些外籍移民工的流動軌跡說明了全球資本主義的不對等發展下的在地結果與歷史過程，亦即，為了資本快速的累積和市場的擴張，於是大量的仰賴廉價勞動力的輸入，加上地理位置上的親近性，台灣成了東南亞移民工的重要移入地。面對這種新興的移民現象，該論文特別著重在跨國婚姻的移民身分與建構，分析婚姻移民相關的文化社會現象，並以電視劇「別再叫我外籍新娘」的文化身份建構為例，檢視domesticity(家務/馴服) 和 disabilities(殘疾/無能化)的身體疊影，如何透過虛構敘事和文化大眾想像交互作用，進而探討以下幾個面向: 第一，婚姻移民所呈現的身體政治與全球化的性別關係；第二，父權角色在性別與身體形構上的位置，最後反省跨國婚姻當中的家務性和殘疾性的意識形態連結與相互建構過程的雙重壓迫與歧視。

According to the report by the National Immigration Agency, the number of foreign spouses has exceeded 400 thousands in Taiwan, among which the number of Vietnamese women occupies the top. The increasing number of new migrants from Southeast Asia to Taiwan since 1980s involves not only the particular geopolitics in the Asian context but also reflects the hierarchical order of globalization in terms of various global flows, especially the movement of people, capital and culture. In other words, the migrant route of these domestic laborers, construction workers and "foreign brides" from the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, or Indonesia to Taiwan is the local/historical as well as social consequences of uneven development in a greater context of the expanding global capitalism. Under the ideology of capitalist developmentalism, the expanding demands for cheaper labour supply provide the primary condition for the expansion of the global market and for the sake of capital accumulation. The geographical proximity among these Asian countries and the rising prosperity of East Asia in the eighties to the nineties has made Taiwan become one of the popular destinations for these migrant workers and marriage immigrants.

With regards to this newly developed diasporic phenomenon in Taiwan, this research mainly focuses on the transnational marriage of Taiwanese men and Vietnamese women as represented in the Taiwanese television drama entitled The Vietnamese Brides in Taiwan (『別再叫我外籍新娘』). By analyzing the socio-cultural phenomenon of immigrant women along with the example of The Vietnamese Brides in Taiwan, I reflects on the interplay of domesticity(the domestic women) and disability(the disabled men) in the construction of transnational marriages through the fictional narratives and popular representation by asking these questions of body politics and globalization in the case of immigrant women, the role of patriarchy in gender and corporeal configuration of bodies, and the ideological linkage of domesticity and disability that comes into play in the transnational marriage in the shade of double-discrimination.

Method and Architecture Design for Motion Compensated Frame Interpolation in High-Definition Video Processing

2009-10-05T11:50:00.001-07:00

論文發表人: 李彥霖 (加州大學聖地牙哥分校電機與資訊工程研究所博士班)

http://www.iscas2009.org/

在這篇論文當中，一個新穎且快速低複雜度的方法被應用在高清(HD)影像增幀的處理上。不像以往傳統高複雜及耗費高度的時間上，這個被提出的方法使用快速一維方向處理且無來回處理來解決高複雜度的問題在高清後處理上。在這個方法當中，使用一個獨特尋找真實動態(True Motion)的引擎來探搜可能的動態候選，再藉由空間上和時間上的統計資料加以判斷取得在高清影片中的真實動態，利用這個真實動態達到增幀的後處理。此外，這個方法上也需用適應性重疊式方塊比對來增加搜尋的正確性及視覺品質。一個以這個方法設計的架構也在此被提出，這個架構在實驗上被驗證可以比傳統的方式提供更高的影像品質，並可以在180 MHz下處理HD1080p 30fps的影片或是在83 MHz下處理 HD720p 30fps的影片。

In this paper, a novel, fast, and low complexity method is proposed for motion compensated frame interpolation (MCFI). Unlike previous works involving high complexity and complicated time-consuming iterations, the proposed method adopts one-pass and low-complexity approach without any repeated iteration and is capable of dealing with high definition (HD) video processing. The proposed method employs a unique true motion engine that explores at most nine motion candidates with different motion directions and then determines one true motion by referring to neighboring spatial information as well as temporal information. Besides, the proposed method introduces an adaptive overlapped block matching algorithm to enhance the searching accuracy and visual quality. An architecture design is also proposed, which employs a modified multi-level successive eliminate algorithm (MSEA) and has capability to reduce the heavy computation of full search. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm provides better video quality than conventional methods and shows satisfying performanc e for HD1080p 30fps at 180 MHz or HD720p 30fps at 83 MHz.

A Parylene Bellows Electrochemical Actuator for Intraocular Drug Delivery

2009-08-06T11:20:00.001-07:00

論文發表人：李柏穎 (南加州大學電機所博士班)

http://www.transducers09.org/

我們提出第一個用於眼球供藥具備伸縮膜來分隔電解室與儲藥槽之電化學致動器。對聚二甲苯伸縮膜是以聚乙二醇鑄造法來製造，且其機械性質經仔細校正。我們也針對致動器功率進行最佳化已達到最佳使用效率。我們最終獲得80%之致動器效率及1.5 mm之最大伸縮膜變形量。同時我們也成功利用無線功率來驅動本致動器。

The first electrochemical actuator with a Parylene bellows for intraocular drug delivery is presented in which the bellows separates the electrolysis actuation chamber from the drug reservoir. The Parylene bellows was fabricated using a novel polyethylene glycol (PEG)-molding process and mechanically characterized. Optimization of the gas generation efficiency of the actuators was performed. We achieved an efficiency approaching 80% and over 1.5 mm deflection with our actuator. Wireless operation was also demonstrated.

Parylene-Pocket Chip Integration

2009-08-06T11:12:00.001-07:00

發表人：黃奎瑞(加州理工學院電機系博士班)

http://www.mems2009.org/

IEEE Weblink:

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=4805295&arnumber=4805491&count=291&index=190

近代在電子探針植入研究的成果造就了假肢神經系統技術的躍進，然而，由這些技術衍發出的設備大多遭受高信號噪音的影響，及昂貴的集成電路整合結構。本論文旨在探討一個利用矽晶片與簡單且具有伸縮性的PARYLENE(聚對二甲苯)膜囊的包裝技術，這個模囊可安置集成電路芯片及其他分立元件並為其提供電子傳導的連接作為示範，這工作使用這個技術引起8小腿硅探針列陣集成與一塊充分地功能16渠道放大器CMOS芯片。這些實驗結果可讓我們對於植入性設備的包裝整合及製作程序上做到最佳化。

Recent achievement in silicon probes implantation in the parietal cortex enables technological advances in neural prosthesis research. However, most of these technologies suffer from high signal-to-noise ratio and expensive integration scheme with IC chips or lack thereof. In this paper, we present a novel packaging technique that utilizes a simple, flexible parylene (chip) pocket on silicon substrate with

metal pads. This pocket can house an IC chip or a discrete component inside and provide electrical connections to it. As a demonstration, this work uses this technique to produce an 8-shank silicon probe array integrated with a fully functional 16-channel amplifier CMOS chip.

The Earlier the Better? Disparate Age Effects on Second Language Phonology and Morphosyntax

2009-07-21T15:33:00.001-07:00

論文發表人: 黃萱樺 (加州大學洛杉磯分校教育心理學博士)

http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~springsym/index.html

本研究計畫的研究重點包含釐清關鍵期的機制，考驗關鍵期對語言不同面向的影響，以及了解影響語音及語法學習成就的變因。研究樣本包含118位以中文為母語的華人移民以及24位英語母語人士。所有受試者都接受語音及語法測驗，而中文母語組並自填一份背景問卷。語音測驗的程序為讓所有受試者朗誦一篇英文短文，然後再請五位英文母語人士評斷所有受試者的發音。語法測驗包含112個英語句子，受試者在閱讀每一個句子後必須決定句子語法是否正確。

此研究計畫的結果並不支持傳統的關鍵期概念。學習起點年紀對第二語言學習成就的影響並非絕對，而是呈現緩慢遞減的負相關曲線。起點年紀影響語音大於語法。在118位移民中，共有22位的語法成就和英語母語人士相當，而其中一位更是在青春期後才移民來美。但在語音面向只有兩位移民的發音被評斷為與母語人士相當，且這兩位皆在五歲時移民來美。另外，迴歸分析法顯示在排除其他變因後，移民年紀對英語語音成就還是有顯著的影響，但是其他變因如語言環境，在美受教育年限，學習天賦及文化認同亦對發音有顯著的影響。在語法面向，移民年紀只對某些特定的規則有顯著影響，而且其他變因如語言環境，學習天賦以及文化認同亦對語法學習有顯著的影響。

The research objectives of the current study were threefold. It aimed to test the validity of the critical period hypothesis (CPH) in second language (L2) acquisition and to examine the age effect across two linguistic dimensions (i.e., phonology and morphosyntax) as well as across different structures within the same dimension. Additionally, the presented study investigated the predictors of the ultimate L2 outcomes in the two linguistic dimensions.

Participants included 118 Mandarin-speaking immigrants in the United States (Age of Arrival = 5-27) and a group of 24 English native speakers as the control participants. All participants read and recorded a standard paragraph taken from the Speech Accent Archive website, and their speech production was then rated for the degree of foreign accent by another group of English native speakers. Morphosyntax knowledge was measured by a 112-item grammaticality judgment test, which included 84 sentences from Johnson & Newport (1989) and 28 sentences from White & Genesse (1996). The selected 84 sentences from the Johnson & Newport study assessed ten standard English morphosyntactic structures whereas the other 28 sentences targeted at universal grammar structures.

Current findings failed to support the CPH in the traditional sense with a specific window of time for L2 learning that closes at puberty. The strength of the age effect was found to vary depending on the particular linguistic dimension and structure under study. Specifically, the phonology dimension was found to be more strongly constrained by the age of arrival variable than the morphosyntax dimension. There were also discrepant degrees of the age effect on different structures within each linguistic dimension. Finally, the predictors for the ultimate outcomes differed for the two linguistic dimensions. Age of arrival, language exposure as well as language learning aptitude contributed to the phonology outcome. In contrast, age of arrival was not a significant predictor for the morphosyntax outcome. The ultimate morphosyntactic attainment was predicted by language exposure and language learning aptitude.

Magnetoelectric Device Demonstrating Nanoscale Magnetic Single-Domain Control

2009-07-21T15:32:00.001-07:00

論文發表人：鍾添淦 (加州大學洛杉磯分校機械工程研究所博士班)

http://www.intermagconference.com/intermag2009/index.php

在本篇文章中, 我們提出一個創新的鎳-鋯鈦酸鉛的薄膜式磁電裝置. 該鎳-鋯鈦酸鉛的薄膜式磁電裝置可藉由一個外加電場的方式來控制奈米級磁區的樣式變形過程. 藉由反式磁電效應, 在該鎳-鋯鈦酸鉛的薄膜式磁電裝置中的單一磁區可以被此外加電場良好地控制其磁區式樣的變形過程. 我們利用磁力顯微鏡觀測到這個外加電場所導致的從單一磁區狀態變形到旋渦流磁區狀態的式樣變型過程. 在移除該外加電場之後, 此旋渦流磁區狀態又會回到原本的單一磁區狀態. 這種可恢復狀態的磁區式樣變化即顯示了該磁區變形過程乃是可逆式的磁壁運動所導致.

We report on electrical control of nanoscale magnetic domain-pattern transformation process in a Ni/PZT thin film magentoelectric device. The magnetic single-domain in the device can be transformated and controlled under an electric field due to the converse magnetoelectric effect. The electric field-induced transformation process from single-domain state to vortex-domain state is observed with the use of magnetic force microscopy. Upon removal of electric field, the magnetic domain-pattern returns to its original state, i.e. reversible domain-wall motion.

Phylogeography of tube blennies in the Eastern Pacific Ocean (Teleostei: Chaenopsidae)

2009-07-21T15:30:00.001-07:00

論文發表人：林秀瑾（加州大學聖地牙哥分校海洋生物所博士班）

http://www.ipfc2009asfb.com/

多數的生物都存在有隨著地理位置的種內遺傳變異，這個現象甚至出現在具有漂浮期而能助長遺傳物質交換的海洋魚類身上，藉由比較出現在同地域不同物種的類緣地理學，我們可以了解該生物的演化史以及其與歷史環境的互動。因為擁有多樣棲地及海洋特徵，包含加州灣的東太平洋是一個絕佳研究礁岩魚類演化史的海域。管魚尉魚是一類極有可能因其閉索性生活史而呈現種內變異的礁岩魚類，我們的遺傳研究結果顯示一種加州灣特有的管魚尉魚種Acanthemblemaria crockeri 實際上是兩個被分隔許久且獨立演化的新種，而且它們僅僅在La Paz 海域被３０公里的距離所分隔。然而，此分隔位置並沒有在另一個同地域的姊妹種A. macrospilus中發現，此魚種雖也發現兩個獨立演化的新種，其地理上的分隔線卻是在加州灣和墨西哥西南部之間。該二魚種不但擁有相似的棲地選擇，生活史及攝食偏好，更被相同的海洋環境所環繞，這顯著不同的遺傳變異現象透露除了以上因素之外的可能分隔機制。

Nearly all taxonomic groups exhibit genetic differences across their geographical distributions. This is true even in groups such as marine fishes which have a pelagic larval dispersal (PLD) stage that often facilitates gene flow. Comparison of phylogeography among sympatric species is widely used for examining the evolutionary history of organisms as well as how that history is related to present-day and historical environments. The Tropical Eastern Pacific, including the Gulf of California, is an ideal region for studying this issue in reef fishes because of possible habitat barriers and oceanographic features. Chaenopsids are a lineage of reef fish with restricted life-history traits and thus great potential for resolving evolutionary enigmas. One Gulf of California endemic chaenopsid species, Acanthemblemaria crockeri, shows two reciprocally monophyletic lineages with deep divergence (HKY+I distance = 11.9% for COI) separated by a 30 km gap north of the La Paz region. However, a closely-related and co-occurring species, A. macrospilus, shows no divergence within the Gulf based on either COI or D-loop. Instead, the Gulf and southern Mexico populations of A. macrospilus are reciprocally monophyletic lineages (HKY+I distance = 15.3% for COI) separated by the Sinaloan Gap. Acanthemblemaria crockeri and A. macrospilus have similar habitat preferences, life history and feeding habits. In addition, they are exposed to similar physical oceanographic features in the area of sympatry. Their significantly different genetic patterns suggest factors other than life history or oceanography may underlie their phylogeographic patterns.

Telecommunications Reforms, the State, and Markets: A Comparative Case of Mobile Telephony in India and China

2009-07-21T15:28:00.001-07:00

論文發表人：周銳行（加州大學聖地牙哥分校傳播學系博士班）

http://www.icahdq.org/conferences/2009/

Insofar as a nation's telecommunications reforms are concerned, do the state and markets necessarily play opposite roles in the reform processes? China and India, as two fast growing economies, have experienced rapid growth in their telecommunications in the last two decades. Behind the two nations' similar growth paths in mobile telephony, China and India adopted different policy approaches to their telecommunications development. To de-monopolize mobile telephony in the early 1990s, China opted for a state-led telecommunications system with managed competition through creating a second state-owned operator to participate in markets. On the other hand, India had aimed at a more liberalized telecommunications market through a licensing policy that would introduce multiple private operators into the market. These two seemingly contradicting mechanisms (China's state-led and India's market-led approaches), nevertheless, have respectively helped the two nations to achieve the same rate of rapid growth in mobile teledensity. This paper explores how state interventions and market forces have concurrently contributed to each of the two nations' development in mobile telephony, though their policies are quite different. The discussion shows that the two nations' reforms were not driven either by the state's active participation in the sector or withdrawal from the industry.

在國家電信改革的過程中，國家與市場是否一定是扮演相對立場的角色？中國和印度這兩個高速發展的經濟體在過去二十年，其電信產業快速成長。這兩個國家的移動通信有著相似的成長軌跡，但它們卻是採取了非常不同的政策手段來進行電信建設發展。在一九九０代初期，為了打破壟斷，中國透過成立第二家國營運營商產生市場競爭態勢來創造一個由國家掌控但具有適度競爭的電信產業。印度所採取的政策則是引入多家私人運營商以建立一個更為開放的電信市場。這兩種看似相反的策略分別成功地讓中國和印度在移動通信上有著相似的快速成長。本論文在探究雖然中國和印採取了非常不同的改革手段，但國家干預和市場力量這兩者是如何同時地對這兩個國家的移動通信發展有所貢獻。本研究發現，中國和印度電信改革的推動既不是僅靠國家力量的積極參與也不是國家力量的一昧撤離電信產業。

CD-Insensitive PMD Monitoring of an 80-Gb/s Polarization-Multiplexed RZ-DPSK Channel Using a Polarizer and a Low-Speed Detector

2009-07-14T14:23:00.001-07:00

論文發表人: 楊政源 (南加州大學電機系博士班)

Optical performance monitoring (OPM) has emerged as an exciting topic for enabling future robust, high-performance optical communication systems. Ideally, OPMs should isolate the specific effect that is degrading a data stream, such as deleterious chromatic dispersion (CD), polarization-mode dispersion (PMD), nonlinearities, or low optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR). However, as progress is made in advanced OPM functionality, optical systems themselves are transmitting data formats that are ever-more complex. This extremely important trend in advanced data modulation formats is driven by the desire for: (i) better receiver sensitivity and tolerance to nonlinearities, as with differential phase-shift-keying (DPSK), and (ii) better spectral efficiency and tolerance to chromatic dispersion, as with differential quadrature PSK (DQPSK).
A technique that has gained much interest for doubling the system capacity and spectral efficiency is the use of polarization-multiplexing (Pol-Mux) of two independent data streams. Although this format is inherently more sensitive to the PMD effects than other types of formats, it is a viable and relatively straightforward option for high-capacity transmission systems. Given this trend and the increased sensitivity to PMD, it could be quite valuable to investigate optical-performance-monitoring methods to monitor the accumulation of PMD in a high-rate pol-muxed system, especially in a manner that is insensitive to chromatic dispersion. To date, there has been little reported on PMD monitoring in a pol-muxed system.
We experimentally demonstrate a new chromatic dispersion insensitive technique for monitoring differential-group-delay (DGD, i.e., first-order PMD) on a pol-muxed channel. We show monitoring results for an 80-Gb/s pol-muxed RZ-DPSK channel, in which the monitor consists of a polarizer, low-speed detector, and RF power meter. The polarizer is aligned along one data stream of the pol-muxed RZ-DPSK channel and thus the RF power increases with the accumulated DGD, which can be used for monitoring. The RF power is measured at low frequency content (e.g., several hundreds of Megahertz), indicating that the monitored RF power is less sensitive to chromatic dispersion [4]. Monitored power increment of 16.2 dB, insensitive to CD of 0~100 ps/nm, is achieved in the presence of up to 12-ps DGD value. This technique is simple, no high-speed components are required for measurements, and this technique is potentially applicable to 100-Gb/s pol-muxed RZ-DQPSK channel

光系統性能監測已經成為一個任人振奮的研究題目去達到未來穩定的和高性能的光纖通訊系統。理想的情況下，光系統性能監測器可以區分開毀壞光訊號的特定效應，比如光纖色散，偏振色散，非線性光學效應，還有低光訊噪比率。然而，在邁向更高階的光系統性能監測的功能性，光系統本身正傳輸著比以往更複雜的光訊號調制格式。這個關於光訊號調制格式的趨勢變得非常重要因為以下的需求：(1)更好的光訊號接收器敏感度還有非線性光學效應的容忍度，比如使用二相位調制訊號；(2)更好的光纖頻譜利用率還有光纖色散的容忍度，比如使用四相位調制訊號。
使用偏振合併調制兩個獨立的光訊號流的技術，來達成雙倍的光纖傳輸系統容量還有頻譜利用率，最近得到學術研究上的關注。即使這個光訊號調制格式跟其他的調制格式比較起來，本質上對於偏振色散比較敏感，採用這個光訊號調制格式對於高容量傳輸系統來說是非常有價值的、直接的選項。關於這個趨勢還有對於偏振色散所增加的敏感度，研究探討光系統性能監測技術去監測在高速偏振合併調制系統中所累積的偏振色散變得非常有學術上的價值，尤其是這些技術對於光纖色散可以不敏感。至今，只有少數的研究報告關於監測偏振合併調制系統中的偏振色散。
我們實驗操作量測一個新技術去監測偏振調制系統中的偏振色散(一階色散)，而且這個技術可以對於光纖色散不敏感。我們展示對於80-Gb/s偏振合併調制的RZ-DPSK訊號通道。監測器包含偏振片、低速光接收器、電訊號功率量取器。調整偏振片的方向去對到偏振合併調制訊號中的一路偏振方向，然後所量到的電功率隨著所累積的偏振色散增加，這個變化的趨勢便可以使用來做監測的功能。電功率在低頻分量部分被量取(也就是幾百萬赫茲)，以致於所監測到的電功率比較不敏感於光纖色散。監測量取到16.2 dB的功率增加量可以用來監測0~12 ps的偏振色散值，並且對於0~100 ps/nm的光纖色散不敏感。這個技術提供簡單的操作，並不需要高速的儀器，而且這個技術可以適用於更高速100-Gb/s偏振合併調制的RZ-DQPSK訊號通道。

Social Justice, Stratification, and College Access: Examining Higher Education Expansion in Taiwan

2009-07-14T14:14:00.001-07:00

楊正誠(加州大學洛杉磯分校教育學系博士班)

http://www.tc.edu/cies2009/

台灣過去數十年在社會變遷、民主化、與經濟發展的助力下，得以逐步進行高等教育擴張。高等教育擴張的動力除了經濟發展與人才培育的因素外，社會、家長與學生對於高等教育入學機會的需求，以及學界對於教育機會均等的亟呼功不可沒。近年來台灣高等教育的若干改革，例如：五年五百億計畫、高等教育的整併與評鑑，有逐漸朝向高等教育功能分化與階層化的傾向。在此背景下，研究者認為有必要檢視台灣高等教育擴張與分化脈絡下的教育機會均等性。本研究包含四部分，首先分析台灣高等教育擴展與分化下的系統與制度公平問題。其次，以社會再製理論、不平等最大維持論、不平等有效維持論、學生成功模式作為理論架構。第三，以UCLA高等教育系Astin教授的I-E-O模式作為分析架構，以台灣高等教育資料庫作為分析樣本，逐步邏輯回歸作為統計分析方法，檢視進入國立大學與五年五百億大學的影響因素。最後，研究者提出相關教育政策與未來研究建議。

The transformations of democracy and economic development in Taiwan in the last decades help higher education reforms and expansions in Taiwan. The driving forces of higher education expansion not only include economic development and the needs of human capital but also reflect the needs of higher education access from society, parents, and students. The educational opportunity equality is the core concern of academia and central government in Taiwan. However, higher education reforms in the last few years, such as world class university plan, higher education merge, and assessment and evaluation gradually facilitate the formation of higher education differentiation and stratification in Taiwan. It's necessary to re-examine college access equity in the context of higher education expansion and differentiation in Taiwan. First of all, this study raised some equity problems of current higher education system in Taiwan. Second, social reproduction theory, MMI, EMI, and student success model will be the theoretical framework of this study. Third, the I-E-O model developed by UCLA professor A. Astin will be analytical framework. This study uses Taiwan Higher Education Dataset as sample, stepwise logistic regression as statistical method to explore factors that influence the possibilities of public universities and world class plan universities in Taiwan. In the last part of this study, education policy implications and future research directions are raised.

Globalizing Gender Repertories: Chinese Feminist Activism, State, and Globalizing Age

2009-07-14T13:56:00.001-07:00

論文發表人：韓鈴（加州大學聖地牙哥分校社會學研究所博士班）

http://www.pacificsoc.org/2006/02/program-san-diego-2009.html

中國新興婦女組織運動在國際和國家維繫著相互合作和依賴的關係，也隱含策略性的互動，隱蔽的競爭和合作關係。本文提出雙重共生(Double Symbiosis)的概念，中國婦女組織運動並不直接挑戰和改變既存的威權體制，但透過組織運動的方式產生社會改變，組織不時關注國家釋放出來的訊息，了解組織運作空間的可能性。婦女組織作為執行國際組織理念的載體，透過不斷的協商與國際基金會協調執行方向，基金會也會在跟組織互動過程去調整在中國的資助方向，婦女組織和國家與國際資源是雙重共生的關係，相互協商、影響、滲透、互惠。本文以性別概念作為切入點，共訪談二十六位中國新興婦女組織運動者，深入了解她們的個人性別意識啟蒙經驗，中國的成長背景如何形塑她們的性別意識認同，九五聯合國世婦會後，國際接軌過程帶來的西方女性主義經驗又如何影響運動者的性別概念，進而探討西方「性別」概念在中國的轉化。另外筆者以四個北京婦女組織為研究個案，探討這四個組織在發展過程經歷什麼樣的轉變，在既有的制度環境和外國資源的趨勢要求下，採取什麼樣的組織策略。

Translations of cross-cultural ideas are disjunctures in this globalizing age and could create spaces for activism. In my case studies of women's organizations in Beijing, I discovered that different culture has its own distinctive system of gender meanings, but in a globalizing context, these gender repertories are fused with international egalitarian ideals. While generation is one way to explain why activist adopt particular gender repertories, what is common for all these activists is that in order to secure a space for women's activism in China, they need to strategically manipulate pieces of gender rhetoric that are acceptable by the Chinese government and also appealing to a broader international community for supports. The still-floating concepts of "gender" in China allow activists the flexibility to create new spaces for female activism. My case study of women's organizations in Beijing investigates what cultural repertories these activists draw to justify their own actions at the individual level, organization level and to extend the organizational objectives to different audiences. My basic assumption is that culture not only matters for social movement organizing at the instrumental level to induce cooperation but is always a way of life for activists to rationalize their own actions. Both "deep" and "thin" cultures matters and are apparent for activists who are situated in globalizing contexts. It is never an easy game for social movement activist when they consider their personal actions in accordance to larger audiences. My study hopes to shed light how multiple identities are at work and what repertories they adopt when they interact with different audiences.

An Approach to Assessing Freeway Lane Management Hot Spots

2009-07-06T14:44:00.001-07:00

論文發表人: 鍾智林 (加州大學爾灣分校土木所博士班)

http://www.trb.org/meeting/2009/default.asp

本論文針對高乘載/收費車道與一般車道的競合關係，探討如何將車道剩餘容量即時且正確地供不同車道使用。高乘載/收費車道與一般車道可歸納成三種互動關係，包括『維持現況』、『需車道管理』、『超出車道管理範圍』。當兩類車道其中之一產生擁擠，而另一類尚有剩餘容量時，即產生車道管理熱點。本研究於24英里長加州高速公路案例中，以定性及非定性方法辨識出四處主要與三處次要車道管理熱點，四處主要熱點占研究路段時空集合的8.4%。本研究方法亦可準確預測車道管理熱點。文末提出車道管理熱點之因應策略並概估其成效。本方法尤適於部分進出管制之高乘載/收費車道。

This paper focuses on the tradeoff relationship between HOV/HOT lanes and general-purpose (GP) lanes that compete for limited road space. The basic idea is about sharing the excess lane capacity with each other on a timely and accurate basis. Potential conditions between these two types of lanes are categorized as "do nothing", "lane management", and "more than lane management". The "lane management" condition recognizes the extent and duration of a hot spot defined as low-utilized HOV/HOT lanes with congested general-purpose lanes, or vise versa. Four major and three minor lane management hot spots are deterministically and stochastically captured along a 24-mile freeway stretch in California. The major ones account for 8.3 percent of the total time-space set. The approach can also be applied to predict upcoming hot spots and acquires satisfying accuracy. Finally, strategies are proposed to prevent the hot spots and the effects of lane management are briefly estimated. The application of this approach is especially useful for HOV/HOT lanes of limited access points that prohibit vehicles of arbitrary shift between HOV/HOT and GP lanes.